Germany State Flags Collectible Set 16 3x5 Feet German States Deutsche Länder


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Collection of all 16 German State Flags 

3x5 Feet With Brass Grommets

 

The Federal Republic of Germany ("West Germany") was created in 1949 through the unification of the three western zones previously under American, British, and French administration in the aftermath of World War II. Initially, the states of the Federal Republic were Baden (until 1952), Bavaria (Bayern), Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse (Hessen), Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz), Schleswig-Holstein, Württemberg-Baden (until 1952), and Württemberg-Hohenzollern (until 1952). West Berlin, while still under occupation by the Western Allies, viewed itself as part of the Federal Republic and was largely integrated and considered a de facto state. In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate joined the Federal Republic as the state of Saarland.


The next major change occurred with German reunification in 1990, in which the territory of the former German Democratic Republic (East Germany) became part of the Federal Republic, by accession of the re-established eastern states of Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern), Saxony (Sachsen), Saxony-Anhalt (Sachsen-Anhalt), and Thuringia (Thüringen), and the reunification of West and East Berlin into a city state. A referendum in 1996 to merge Berlin with surrounding Brandenburg failed to reach the necessary majority vote in Brandenburg, while a majority of Berliners voted in favour.

German states

Deutsche Länder

The German use of the term Länder ("lands") dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Previously, the states of the German Empire had been called Staaten ("states"). Today, it is common to use the term Bundesland (federated Land).[citation needed] Officially, the term "Bundesland" appears in neither the 1919 constitution nor the current one. Three Länder call themselves Freistaaten ("free states", an older German term for "republic"): Bavaria (since 1919), Saxony (originally from 1919 and again since 1990), and Thuringia (since 1994). Of the 17 states at the end of the Weimar Republic, six still exist (though partly with different borders):


Bavaria (The geographically distinct Palatinate, which was part of Bavaria, 1816–1946, is now part of Rheinland Pfalz).

Bremen

Hamburg

Hesse

Saxony

Thuringia

The other 11 states of the Weimar Republic either merged into one another or were separated into smaller entities:


Anhalt is now part of the state of Saxony-Anhalt.

Baden is now part of Baden-Württemberg.

Braunschweig is now part of Lower Saxony.

Lippe is now part of North Rhine-Westphalia.

Lübeck is now part of Schleswig-Holstein.

Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz are now parts of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Oldenburg is now part of Lower Saxony, with its former exclaves now belonging to their neighbouring states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Schleswig-Holstein.

Prussia was divided among the states of Berlin, Brandenburg, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein. The erstwhile Prussian provinces of Brandenburg, Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Hanover formed the core of the states of Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein and Lower Saxony, respectively. The Prussian provinces of Westphalia and Rhineland contributed most territory to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, and Rhineland province contributed about half of the territory of the state of Rhineland Palatinate. Most of the Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau was merged with the existing state of Hesse.

Some territories bordering other states were annexed to the bordering state. Also, Prussia had exclaves that were surrounded by other states. These became part of their surrounding states. All states, except Bavaria, now have territory of the former Free State of Prussia. Other former Prussian territories lying east of the rivers Neisse and Oder were lost in 1945 and are now part of Poland or Russia. They are Silesia (Upper and Lower), Pomerania, West Prussia-Posen, and East Prussia respectively.

Schaumburg-Lippe is now part of Lower Saxony.

Württemberg is now part of Baden-Württemberg.

Possible boundary changes between states continue to be debated in Germany, in contrast to how there are "significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes" in those other countries.[3] Arthur B. Gunlicks summarizes the main arguments for boundary reform in Germany: "the German system of dual federalism requires strong Länder that have the administrative and fiscal capacity to implement legislation and pay for it from own source revenues. Too many Länder also make coordination among them and with the federation more complicated."[4] But several proposals have failed so far; territorial reform remains a controversial topic in German politics and public perception.[5]


A state capital is called a Landeshauptstadt.

State State code Since Capital Legis­lature Head of state and government
(Minister-President or Mayor)
Bun­des­rat
votes
Area
(km2)
Pop.
(2023-12-31)[6]
Pop. per km2 HDI
(2022)[7]
GDP per capita
(€; 2023)[8]
Baden-Württemberg BW 1952[9] Stuttgart Landtag Cem Özdemir (Greens) 6 35,748 11,230,740 314.2 0.963 54,339
Bavaria
(Bayern)
BY 1949 Munich
(München)
Landtag Markus Söder (CSU) 6 70,541 13,176,426 186.8 0.958 57,343
Berlin BE 1990[10] – Abgeord­netenhaus Kai Wegner (CDU) 4 891.1 3,662,381 4,110 0.967 51,209
Brandenburg BB 1990 Potsdam Landtag Dietmar Woidke (SPD) 4 29,654 2,554,464 86.14 0.926 37,814
Bremen HB 1949 Bremen Bürger­schaft Andreas Bovenschulte (SPD) 3 419.4 702,655 1,676 0.954 56,981
Hamburg HH 1949 – Bürger­schaft Peter Tschentscher (SPD) 3 755.1 1,851,596 2,452 0.975 79,167
Hesse
(Hessen)
HE 1949 Wiesbaden Landtag Boris Rhein (CDU) 5 21,116 6,267,546 296.8 0.954 54,806
Lower Saxony
(Niedersachsen)
NI 1949 Hanover
(Hannover)
Landtag Olaf Lies (SPD) 6 47,710 8,008,135 167.9 0.936 44,531
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
(Mecklenburg–Western Pomerania)
MV 1990 Schwerin Landtag Manuela Schwesig (SPD) 3 23,295 1,578,041 67.74 0.922 36,335
North Rhine-Westphalia
(Nordrhein-Westfalen)
NW 1949 Düsseldorf Landtag Hendrik Wüst (CDU) 6 34,112 18,017,520 528.2 0.946 46,194
Rhineland-Palatinate
(Rheinland-Pfalz)
RP 1949 Mainz Landtag Gordon Schnieder (CDU) 4 19,858 4,125,163 207.7 0.938 41,797
Saarland SL 1957[11] Saarbrücken Landtag Anke Rehlinger (SPD) 3 2,572 1,014,047 394.3 0.934 41,617
Saxony
(Sachsen)
SN 1990 Dresden Landtag Michael Kretschmer (CDU) 4 18,450 4,054,689 219.8 0.944 38,143
Saxony-Anhalt
(Sachsen-Anhalt)
ST 1990 Magdeburg Landtag Sven Schulze (CDU) 4 20,464 2,144,570 104.8 0.921 35,911
Schleswig-Holstein SH 1949 Kiel Landtag Daniel Günther (CDU) 4 15,804 2,953,202 186.9 0.929 40,090
Thuringia
(Thüringen)
TH 1990 Erfurt

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